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Why do crises occur?

The causes of the crisis are varied and dynamic and may be domestic, external or both.

1. External factors for Emergency loans include shocks ranging from natural disasters to large fluctuations in commodity prices. These are common causes of the crisis, especially for low-income countries, which have limited capacity to prepare for such shocks and rely on a limited set of export products. 

Moreover, in an increasingly globalized economy, sudden changes in market sentiment can lead to volatility in capital flows. Even countries with solid foundations can be seriously affected by the impact of crises and economic policies in other countries.

2. Internal factors include inappropriate financial and monetary policies, which can lead to major economic imbalances (such as huge fiscal deficits, current accounts, and high levels of external and public debt); a specific exchange rate at an inappropriate level, that could undermine competitiveness and lead to persistent deficits Current account and loss of official reserves; a weak financial system can create economic booms and crashes. Political instability and/or weak institutions can spark crises by exacerbating economic vulnerabilities.

With no IMF funding, the country’s adjustment process could be suddenly more difficult. For example, if investors are unwilling to provide new financing, the country will have no choice but to adapt, often through painful pressure on public spending, imports, and economic activity. Funding from the International Monetary Fund facilitates a gradual and carefully considered adjustment. Since the IMF Emergency Loan is typically followed by a series of corrective policy measures, it often provides a seal of approval for the introduction of effective policies.

IMF lending in action

The International Monetary Fund provides financial support for the needs of the balance of payments at the request of its member countries. Unlike development banks, the IMF does not lend to specific projects. After this request, a team of IMF staff will hold talks with the government to assess the economic and financial situation, the size of the country's global financial needs, and agree on an appropriate policy response.